Yom Kippur War (October 1973) - Fought by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to October 26, 1973 as a way of recapturing part of the territories which they lost to the Israelis back in the Six-Day War. The attacks began on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. Israel subdued Arab forces and there were no significant territorial changes.
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1971-1982) - Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) relocated to South Lebanon from Jordan and launched attacks on the Galilee as a base for international operations. In 1978, Israel’s Defense Forces carried out the first Israeli large-scale invasion (Operation Litani) of Lebanon to drive out PLO forces from the territory.
In 1978, Israel launches Operation Litani - the first Israeli large-scale invasion of Lebanon, which was carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in order to expel PLO forces from the territory. Continuing ground and rocket attacks and Israeli retaliations triggered an escalation into the 1982 War.
1982 Lebanon War (1982) – Started in June 6, 1982 when the Israel Defense Forces occupied Southern Lebanon to eject the PLO from the territory. Israel government charged the invasion in response to the assassination attempt against Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, by the Abu Nidal Organization due to the relentless terror attacks on northern Israel made by the Palestinian guerilla organizations which inhabited in Lebanon. The war resulted in the removal of the PLO from Lebanon and creation of an Israeli Security Zone in southern Lebanon.
To reclaim all of Palestine for the Palestinian Arabs, PA Chairman and PLO Leader Yasser Arafat motioned to accept a two state solution in 1988.
First Intifada (1987–1993) – This is the first large-scale Palestinian rebellion against Israel in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
In spite of the Palestinians’ demand to withdraw the land conquered in the 1967 and evacuation of the settlements, Israel continued to expand settlements on the entire peace process which started in 1993 and
Most Palestinians demand a state in the West Bank and Gaza, which Israelis resisted being feared that it would be a base for terror groups. Finally, the Israeli government concurs to demilitarize Palestinian state with limited control on perimeter resources – a “state minus.” Palestinians triumph a commitment for a state from the U.N. and U.S. President Bush. The road map peace plan aims to come up with a Palestinian state. However, Palestinian extremists like Hamas and Zionist oppose the Oslo Accords and the Road Map.The Road Map peace plan intends a Palestinian state. The Oslo Accords and the Road Map are opposed by Palestinian extremist groups like Hamas and by Zionist extremists.
Most Palestinians declared to annihilate Israel by violence which the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had repudiated through a 1993 Oslo Declaration of Principles which rejects violence and agrees to respect UN SC Resolution 242 which implies recognition of Israel’s right of existence. As a result, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was permitted of entrance to the West Bank and Gaza strip and Palestinians obtained independence of majority of the population of these regions.
South Lebanon Conflict (1982–2000) – Approximately 20 years of feud between the Israel Defense Forces and its Lebanese proxy militias with Lebanese Muslim guerrilla, led by Iranian-backed Hezbollah, within what was defined by Israelis as the "Security Zone" in South Lebanon.
Persistent Israeli settlement triggered Palestinian violence and provocation into an open conflict in September 2000, the Oslo accords had failed a peaceful resolution. Extremist Palestinian groups who opposed the agreements began a campaign of ambushes and suicide bombings against Israel. The PalestineNationalAuthority admitted of failure to control the dissident groups. Final status negotiations faltered in September 2000.
Ariel Sharon’s visit to the Temple mount (Haram as Sharif), which includes the Al-Aqsa mosque on September 28, though he did not enter either of the mosques, ignited violent riots that were met with lethal force by the IDF. The violence became generalized "resistance," called "the Intifadeh," involving large sectors of the population, Palestine National Authority itself, and the Palestinian police force set up by the Oslo agreements. About half of the Palestinians believe Intifadeh’s was to destroy Israel.
Since September 28, 2000, Palestinians have killed over a thousand Israelis in terror and suicide attacks. Israelis have killed over 3,500 Palestinians in "defense" operations and reprisals, including many civilians. The Intifadeh destroyed the belief of many Israelis in the possibility of peace, and the credibility of and the PLO as peace partners. Israeli retaliation and repression further embittered the Palestinians.
Israel responded to Palestinian violence as the Oslo process begins limiting the flow of Palestinian workers to Israel to prevent infiltration of terrorists, and by rigorous checks at border checkpoints. The border closing drastically lessened the Palestinian standard of living. Palestinians who came to work were regularly subjected to humiliating searches and long waiting at checkpoints. Following terror attacks at the checkpoints, nervous Israel Defense Forces (IDF) were occasionally too nippy to attack suspicious vehicles, killing innocent civilians. Checkpoints around Jerusalem made it difficult for Palestinians to get to work in Jerusalem and to travel between Palestinian towns.
After September 2000, Israeli reprisals for Palestinian terror raids have severed including assassinations of wanted terrorists which Palestinians refused to arrest.
Following a series of deadly suicide bombings in March of 2002, Israel launched operation Defensive Wall in the West Bank and has since reoccupied most of the territories ceded to the Palestinians in the West Bank. The IDF set up additional checkpoints and has kept towns under virtual siege with extended periods of curfew, disrupting work, education and daily life. Ditches surround towns, preventing people from leaving. The IDF has killed over 3,500 Palestinians, demolished houses and uprooted olive groves. After a recent IDF study showed that the demolitions do not deter suicide bombings, demolitions of the houses of suicide bombers were discontinued, but houses are still demolished for other reasons.
As additional precautionary measures, Israeli extremist settlers have harassed Palestinians, destroyed property, uprooted olive trees and killed several Palestinians in doubtful circumstances. The perpetrators are rarely identified and almost never prosecuted.
Second Intifada (2000–2005) - Second Palestinian uprising, a period of intensified violence, which began in late September 2000.
2006 Lebanon War (summer 2006) - as a reaction to the kidnap of two Israeli reserve soldiers by the Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military which caused a wider confrontation. Dispute began on 12 July 2006 until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire on 14 August 2006, though it formally ended on 8 September 2006, when Israel lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon. The war resulted in the pacification of southern Lebanon and in the weakness of the Hezbollah (which endured serious casualties but survived the Israeli attack).
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